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Objective: To investigate associations between “caring for country” — an activity that Indigenous peoples assert promotes good health — and health outcomes relevant to excess Indigenous morbidity and mortality.

Design, setting and participants: Cross‐sectional study involving 298 Indigenous adults aged 15–54 years in an Arnhem Land community, recruited from March to September 2005.

Main outcome measures: Self‐reported involvement in caring for country, health behaviours and clinically measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, type 2 diabetes status, albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA_1c) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, lipid ratio, score on the five‐item version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K5), and 5‐year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Results: Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and …