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Relevance: to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of probiotic as an adjunct to professionally administered plaque removal (PAPR) in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis.

Materials and methods: 42 patients with at least 2 implants with peri-implant mucositis and probing depth (PD) of 3-4 mm were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Test group received PAPR plus probiotic powder (Enteflavin® 4 g), whereas control group received PAPR only. Plaque index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BoP), PD were measured at baseline and at days 21, 90, 180 and 360 after treatment. Results: TEST and control groups involved 21 patients with 61 implants and 21 patients with 59 implants, respectively. All clinical parameters were improved in both groups. Inter-group differences for PI, GI, BoP & PD were found to be statistically significant at all time periods after the treatment in favor of test group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: PAPR alone or in combination with probiotic powder revealed clinical improvements in peri-implant mucositis patients. Better results were obtained with the adjunctive administration of probiotic. Probiotic therapy may be useful for the prevention and treatment of peri-implant mucositis.