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The octapeptide [Ile5]angiotensin II (ANG II), which is the principal circulating hormone of the renin-angiotensin system, could modulate or mediate cardiac hypertrophy via indirect effects, through increases in total peripheral vascular resistance, or by direct effects on cardiac cells, which result in increased protein synthesis and cell growth. In this study we determined whether ANG II stimulated protein synthesis and cell growth in cultures of embryonic chick myocytes. After 3 h of exposure to ANG II, there were significant increases in total cellular protein at 120, 144, and 168 h and in the relative rate of protein synthesis at 120 and 144 h. There was a significant increase in the fractional rate of protein synthesis of 32.2% (0.0119 +/- 0.0008 h-1 for ANG II stimulated and 0.0090 +/- 0.0003 h-1 for control). The stimulatory effects of ANG II on protein synthesis and cell growth were inhibited by the ANG II antagonist [Sar1,Ile8 …