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Diabetes and its complications (e.g. chronic kidney disease [CKD] and cardiovascular disease [CVD]) impose significant clinical and financial burden. Recent large-scale randomized controlled trials have demonstrated cardiorenal benefit of the anti-diabetic drug sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and they are approved for the treatment of CKD and/or heart failure (HF) in many countries. In the present study, we assessed the economic effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using a cost-analysis model that adopts CKD-dependent increases in the risk of developing CVD.

We constructed a natural history model for T2DM patients incorporating CKD, end-stage renal disease, and CVD including myocardial infarction, HF, and stroke as diabetic complications. All diseases except for CKD were …