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Household air pollution exposure is linked with over 3.5 million premature deaths every year, ranking highest among environmental risk factors globally. Children are uniquely vulnerable and sensitive to the damaging health effects of household air pollution which includes childhood acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). The use of improved cookstoves has been widely encouraged to reduce these health burdens. It is, however, unclear as to whether it is possible to prevent household air pollution-related disease burdens with biomass-fuelled improved cookstove intervention and the evidence regarding its child health effect still attracts wide debate. Therefore, we investigated the child health effect of improved baking stove intervention compared with the continuation of the open burning traditional baking stove.

A cluster …