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Children are particularly vulnerable to the health effects of air pollution and as they spend a large proportion of time at school, this is an important environment for children's exposure to air pollution. Understanding the factors that influence indoor air quality in schools is critical for the assessment and control of indoor air pollution. This study analysed the concentration and sources of air pollution at an urban primary school (5–11 years) in Wellington, the capital of New Zealand. Over a three-week period during spring, indoor measures of particulate matter (PM_2.5, PM₁₀), temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were taken and hourly air particulate matter samples (PM_2.5, PM_10-2.5) were collected inside and outside for elemental speciation analysis. Indoor PM₁₀ concentrations during the school day were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than outdoor concentrations 30.1 (range 10.0 …