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Methods

We used data from the Brain Health Registry, which is an internet-based cohort study (N= 22,215; age= 56.5±14.0; 74.7% female). Participants were split into 6 groups based on sleep data:(1) low sleep efficiency and short sleep duration (≤ 6 hours; N= 3,802),(2) low sleep efficiency and normal sleep duration (6.5-8.5 hours; N= 4909),(3) low sleep efficiency and long sleep duration (≥ 9 hours; N= 69),(4) good sleep efficiency and short sleep duration (N= 1,548),(5) good sleep efficiency and normal sleep duration (N= 10,922), and (6) good sleep efficiency and long sleep duration (N= 965). We examined differences in performance across groups using an analysis of covariance, covarying for age. Performance on four executive functioning tests from the CogState Brief Battery were the dependent variables.

Results

The good sleep efficiency normal sleep duration group consistently demonstrated the highest …