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A sediment core from Guaratuba Bay was used to indicate possible Hg modifications to this coastal environment brought about by growing agricultural activity. Sedimentation rates were estimated to be 6.1mm/year and 5.2mm/year through ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs geochronologies, respectively. Mercury concentrations and organic matter ratios in the surface layers are greater than in the older sediments, supporting the hypothesis of anthropogenic enrichment. Results show that the Hg flux has raised more than twofold during the second half of the 20th century. These results point to the need for further studies to substantiate the hypothesis of anthropogenic enrichment and to quantify point sources of Hg to this estuary.