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Methods:

Eighteen suppressed HIV-1–infected patients with CD4+ T-cell count above 350 cells per cubic millimeter and undetectable plasma viral load, included in antiretroviral treatment intensification clinical trials, were evaluated. Samples obtained at baseline and at established time points during the trials were analyzed. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA), and markers of immune activation were determined.

Results:

We analyzed 126 plasma samples from the 18 patients. LPS significantly correlated with sCD14 (P< 0.001, r= 0.407) and LBP (P= 0.042, r= 0.260). Also, a significant correlation was found between sCD14 and LBP (P= 0.009, r= 0.325) but not between bacterial 16S rDNA and LPS, sCD14, or LBP (P= 0.346, P= 0.405, and P= 0.644). On the other hand, no significant correlation was found between …