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To examine the pattern of maternal weight gain using maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcome.

We used maternal weight data measured prospectively from all deliveries between 1980–1990 at the University of California, San Francisco. Piecewise linear regression was used to estimate the rate of maternal weight gain in each trimester. Bivariate techniques were used to examine associations between maternal weight gain per trimester and maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. We also used multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between maternal characteristics and trimester weight gain.

Weight data for at least one trimester were available for 10,418 women. The average rate of weight gain (kg/week) was lowest during the first trimester (0.169 ± 0.268, n = 7587), peaked during the second trimester (0.563 ± 0.236, n = 8000), and slowed slightly in …