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Methods

Cholera vaccine trial. Methods for the trial are de-scribed elsewhere [5]. In brief, the trial was initiated in early 1985, and was conducted in the Matlab field studies area of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. This area is an endemic focus for both classical and El Tor cholera. A total of 124,035 women older than 15 y and children 2-15 y were randomized to receive three doses, at 6-w intervals, of cholera toxin B subunit-killed whole cell vaccine (BS-WC), killed whole cell-only vaccine (WC), or an Escherichia coli K12 strain placebo (K12) with the same appearance as the two vac-cines. Of those selected for study, 89,596 were given at least