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We have carried out a multi-proxy analysis of a radiocarbon-dated peat core that records the history of paleoclimate change dating from 18ka in the Dingnan region of southern China. Fatty acid and hydrocarbon distributions, total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, pollen assemblages and sediment lithology reveal a succession of three major paleoclimate intervals. Plant waxes are the predominant origin of the n-alkanoic acid and n-alkane compositions of this sedimentary sequence. Contributions of these geolipid components vary relative to TOC and with changes in lithology and help to refine a pollen-based reconstruction of local paleoclimate evolution. A period of cool and fairly wet climate (15,630–10,450calaBP) follows accumulation of coarse fluvial sediments under relatively dry deglacial conditions. The second period (10,450–6040calaBP) experienced the warmest climate and the highest precipitation …