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Compound-specific δD values recorded by means of gas chromatography–thermal conversion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC–TC–IRMS) of the biomarker n-alkane (n-tricosane; n-C₂₃) representative of the dominant Sphagnum species in a 40 cm peat profile from Bolton Fell Moss, Cumbria, UK, correlate with vegetation changes in the past >200 years (age depth model based on ²¹⁰Pb dating). The bog vegetation is sensitive to climate change correlating with the global scale cooler period of the later 19th and early 20th centuries. The correlation with meteorological records suggests compound-specific δD values of lipid biomarkers have potential for use as a new climate proxy.