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This study represents a well-dispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesis process via cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) which acts as both reducing and supporting agent. The synthesis process was ultrafast and completed in a few seconds using microwave irradiation. The entire synthesis process was cost-effective, sustainable and eco-friendly. The synthesized (AuNPs/CNC) nanocomposite was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The obtained AuNPs were well accumulated on the CNC surface and had a uniform spherical shape with an average diameter of 8 ± 5.3 nm. The diameter of AuNPs could be altered by tuning the concentration of CNC suspension. The synthesized AuNPs/CNC nanocomposite film exhibited excellent degradation …