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The objective was to investigate any possible relationship between functional and structural vascular changes in women with low gestational age and/or low birth weight by analyzing the retinal vascular pattern in women with thoroughly documented blood pressure. Retinal vessel morphology was evaluated by digital image analysis of ocular fundus photographs in 47 subjects, aged 23–30 y. The women were allocated into three groups: 1) those born preterm and appropriate for gestational age (AGA), with a median gestational age at birth of 30 wk and a median birth weight of 1250 g (n= 14); 2) those born small for gestational age (SGA) but full term (median 40 wk), with a median birth weight of 2130 g (n= 17), and 3) those born full term, AGA, and with a median birth weight of 3640 g (n= 16). Women born preterm had significantly higher length index for arterioles compared with the other two groups (median 1.11 …