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We postulated that the addition of a combined types I and II, 5-reductase inhibitor (dutasteride) or long-acting GnRH antagonist (acyline) to combination testosterone plus levonorgestrel treatment may be advantageous in the suppression of spermatogenesis for male contraception. This study aimed to examine effects of novel combination contraceptive regimens on serum gonadotropins and androgens and sperm concentration. This study was divided into three phases: screening (2 wk), treatment (8 wk), and recovery (4 wk). Twenty-two men (n 5–6/group) received 8 wk of treatment with testosterone enanthate (TE, 100 mg im weekly) combined with one of the following: 1) levonorgestrel (LNG) 125 g orally daily; 2) LNG 125 g plus dutasteride 0.5 mg orally daily; 3) acyline 300 g/kg sc every 2 wk (as a comparator for any additional progestin effects); or 4) LNG 125 g orally daily plus acyline 300 g/kg sc every 2 wk.