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Resilience is a critical quality of future Industrial Control Systems (ICS). The ability to detect and react to unanticipated attacks, bugs, and failures is crucial. Self-adaptation can provide this ability, yet it is difficult to achieve in safety-critical real-time systems, since strict safety and timing requirements must be guaranteed. Recent results indicate that automated adaptation of ICS using the IEC 61499 is possible, however it has not been analyzed how much dynamic adaptation can contribute to overall system resilience. In this paper, we analyze how dynamic adaptation can be embedded into industrial control architectures, and quantify its advantage over a traditional restart. We propose a self-adaptive architecture using the MAPE-K model and merge it with the existing models for ICS. Using measurements on a real system, we estimate the expected adaptation time of selected adaptation scenarios and calculate the …