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Aims  This paper summarizes the relationships between different patterns of alcohol consumption and various on non‐communicable disease (NCD) outcomes and estimates the percentage of NCD burden that is attributable to alcohol.

Methods  A narrative review, based on published meta‐analyses of alcohol consumption‐disease relations, together with an examination of the Comparative Risk Assessment estimates applied to the latest available revision of Global Burden of Disease study.

Results  Alcohol is causally linked (to varying degrees) to eight different cancers, with the risk increasing with the volume consumed. Similarly, alcohol use is related detrimentally to many cardiovascular outcomes, including hypertension, haemorrhagic stroke and atrial fibrillation. For other cardiovascular outcomes the relationship is more complex. Alcohol is furthermore linked to various forms of liver disease (particularly …