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Background  Alcohol is one of the most important risk factors for burden of disease.

Objective  To estimate the number of deaths and the years of life lost attributable to alcohol for Canada 2001 using different ways to measure alcohol exposure.

Methods  Distribution of exposure was taken from a major national survey of Canada, the Canadian Addiction Survey, and corrected for per capita consumption from production and sales. For chronic disease, risk relations were taken from the published literature and combined with exposure to calculate age‐ and sex‐specific alcohol‐attributable fractions (AAFs). For injury, AAFs were taken directly from available statistics. Information on mortality, with cause of death coded according to the International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD‐10) was obtained from Statistics Canada.

Results  For Canada in 2001, 4010 of all deaths in the group below 70 years of age …