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The knowledge on real‐time neurophysiological effects of acetazolamide is still far behind the wide clinical use of this drug. Acetazolamide – a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor – has been shown to affect the neuromuscular transmission, implying a pH‐mediated influence on the central synaptic transmission. To start filling such a gap, we chose a central substrate: hippocampal‐prefrontal cortical projections; and a synaptic phenomenon: paired‐pulse facilitation (a form of synaptic plasticity) to probe this drug's effects on interareal brain communication in chronically implanted rats. We observed that systemic acetazolamide potentiates the hippocampal‐prefrontal paired‐pulse facilitation. In addition to this field electrophysiology data, we found that acetazolamide exerts a net inhibitory effect on prefrontal cortical single‐unit firing. We propose that systemic acetazolamide reduces the basal neuronal activity of the prefrontal …