查看文章

The most reliable and practicable measure in assuring coexistence in respect to pollen‐mediated gene flow from genetically modified (GM) to conventional maize (Zea mays L.) is an isolation distance separating GM and non‐GM fields. Therefore, we tested distances between 24 and 102 m at three sites in northern Germany using a field orientation representing a worst case scenario concerning wind direction. During the 3 yr of field trials the highest levels of gene flow occurred at the site and year with the longest flowering synchrony and the strongest wind blowing constantly from the GM to the non‐GM field. It was shown that the GM content of a neighboring non‐GM maize field is mainly determined by wind speed and direction as well as by non‐GM maize field depth. Based on the maximum outcrossing data obtained it can be concluded that for non‐GM maize fields being 200 m deep or more an isolation …