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Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate potential adverse effects on development, growth, reproduction and biomarker responses (vitellogenin [VTG] and gonad histology) in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to tamoxifen citrate. Based on the results of a partial life cycle study (nominal [mean measured] concentrations ranged from 0.18 [0.11] to 18 [15.74] μg/L), a 284‐d fish full life‐cycle (FFLC) flow‐through study was conducted using newly fertilized embryos (<24 h postfertilization) exposed to nominal (mean measured) concentrations of ¹⁴C‐tamoxifen citrate that ranged from 0.01 (0.007) to 5.12 (4.08) μg/L. Triethylene glycol (2.0 μl/L) was used as a solvent carrier, with 17β‐estradiol (E2) as a positive control (nominal 0.1 μg/L). Among the biomarkers measured, significant effects on VTG and gonad histology were observed, although these results required care in their interpretation …