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Body weight (BW) gain in adulthood frequently leads to the development of obesity and is associated with subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the pathological significance of BW gain in non-obese individuals is not fully understood.

Using data from a nationwide epidemiological database, we studied 1,558,774 non-obese subjects aged ≥20 years and without prior history of CVD. The subjects’ mean age was 44.7 ± 11.2 years, and 853,391 subjects (54.7%) were male. BW gain, which was defined as BW gain of ≥10 kg from the age of 20 years, was seen in 302,997 subjects (19.4%). Subjects with BW gain were older and more likely to be male than those without BW gain. Body mass index and waist circumference were higher in subjects with BW gain. The prevalence of classical CVD risk factors was higher in subjects with BW gain. Kaplan–Meier curves and …