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The evolving fifth generation (5G) cellular wireless networks are envisioned to provide higher data rates, enhance end-user quality-of-experience (QoE), reduce end-to-end latency, and lower energy consumption. This article presents several emerging technologies which could enable and define future 5G mobile communication standards and cellular networks. We highlight the key ideas for each technology and the major open research challenges related to measurement, testing and validating the performance of 5G system components. Then, we highlight the fundamental research challenges for resource management in 5G systems.