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Paddy fields are a major global anthropogenic source of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), which are very potent greenhouse gases. China has the second largest area under rice cultivation, so developing valid and reliable methods for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases while sustaining crop productivity in paddy fields is of paramount importance. We examined the effects of applying straw, a residual product of rice cultivation containing high amounts of carbon and nutrients, to rice crops during both an early crop season (5 April – 25 July 2012) and a late crop season (1 August – 6 November 2012) on CH₄ and N₂O emissions in a subtropical paddy field in southeastern China. CH₄ fluxes had two seasonal peaks, on 5 May and 28 June, in the early crop but only one peak, on 13 August, in the late crop, which could be attributed to the lower temperatures after the final tillering stage in the late crop …