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Global warming increases belowground carbon (C) input as plant litterfall, root biomass and rhizodeposition, which influences the stocks and dynamics of soil organic matter. To clarify the effects of labile C availability (biochemical factor) and temperature (environmental factor) on enzyme activities, we incubated typical paddy soil for 75 d at four temperatures (5, 15, 25, and 35 °C) under anaerobic conditions. Acetate was used as the source of labile C and methane. The potential activities of three hydrolases (β-glucosidase, chitinase, and xylanase) were analysed on days 3, 15, and 75 after acetate addition. Activity of β-glucosidase and chitinase in soil without acetate addition was 2.1–2.7 times higher than that with acetate. Xylanase activity increased with temperature and incubation period. The enzymes involved in the C cycle were sensitive to temperature, whereas chitinase (responsible for N cycle) activity …