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The present invention relates to a highly accurate and reproducible mathematically-based methodology for quan tifying the levels of differential gene expression from microassay protocols. Specifically, the present invention provides a Simple deductive approach, grounded in a Baye sian framework, to circumvent the heuristic-based limitation of previous methodologies. Rather than Seeking a point estimate of the fold-change of the level of gene expression, the present invention utilizes the derivation of mathematical formula to determine the a posteriori distribution of all the fold-changes of differential gene expression which may be inferred from the given measurements. From this a poste riori distribution the following information may be obtained:(i) an estimator for the fold-change of the level of gene expression;(ii) confidence limits for the fold-change, at any given confidence level; and (iii) a P-value for assessing …