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The annual survey of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry (JRDR) was conducted for 4380 dialysis facilities at the end of 2015, among which 4321 facilities (98.7%) responded. The response rate of the 2015 survey was comparable with the past, even though it was the first year after the new anonymization method. The number of chronic dialysis patients in Japan continues to increase every year; it has reached 324,986 at the end of 2015. The mean age was 67.86 years. At the end of 2015, the prevalence rate was 2592 patients per million population. Diabetic nephropathy was the most common primary disease among the prevalent dialysis patients (38.4%), followed by chronic glomerulonephritis (29.8%) and nephrosclerosis (9.5%). The rate of diabetic nephropathy and nephrosclerosis has been increasing year by year, whereas that of chronic glomerulonephritis was declining. The …