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Aerosol optical properties and the spectral behavior of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Kanpur, an urban‐industrial city in the Ganga basin, have been presented for the first time. Measurements by the ground‐based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) during January 2001 to December 2003 show pronounced seasonal influence, with maximum dust loading during the premonsoon season (April–May). The distribution of AOD is found to be large with a mean value of 0.6 at 500 nm wavelength. The frequency distribution of the Ångström parameter α reveals two modes (α < 1 dominant dusty condition and α > 1 urban aerosols). Diurnal variations of AOD, water vapor content (WVC), and Ångström parameter show strong seasonal influence. Maximum variation of AOD is found during the monsoon season (presence of mixed types of aerosols), maximum variation of WVC is observed during the winter season …