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ContextA number of studies suggest a positive association between breastfeeding and cognitive development in early and middle childhood. However, the only previous study that investigated the relationship between breastfeeding and intelligence in adults had several methodological shortcomings.ObjectiveTo determine the association between duration of infant breastfeeding and intelligence in young adulthood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective longitudinal birth cohort study conducted in a sample of 973 men and women and a sample of 2280 men, all of whom were born in Copenhagen, Denmark, between October 1959 and December 1961. The samples were divided into 5 categories based on duration of breastfeeding, as assessed by physician interview with mothers at a 1-year examination.Main Outcome MeasuresIntelligence, assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) at a …