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Presently most of the energy demand is fulfilled by the fossil fuel. Global petroleum demand has increased steadily from 57 million barrels day− 1 in 1973 to 90 million barrels day− 1 in 2013 and will continue to increase in line with the world’s economy. The increasing energy demands will speed up the exhaustion of the finite fossil fuel. United Arab Emirates, one of the major oil export countries, would fail to meet the share in the oil and natural gas demands by 2015 and 2042, respectively. The fossil fuel resources in Egypt would be exhausted within two decades. Using petroleum-based fuels creates atmospheric pollution during combustion. Apart from emission of the greenhouse gas (GHG) CO 2, air contaminants like NO X, SO X, CO, particulate matter and volatile organic compounds are also emitted which leads not only to climate change but also to deterioration of environmental and human health. Continued …