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The extensive applications of nanoparticles due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties have resulted in a surge in production and usage. The large-scale production and application of nanomaterials can result in their exposure to various living beings. The nanoparticle exposure can be intentional or unintentional. Many nanoparticles have a toxic response due to their increased bioactivity compared to the bulk counterpart. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the toxicity associated with the nanoparticle. A wide spectrum of toxicity assessment tests is available and categorized into in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro toxicity assays measure the cell’s metabolic function, membrane integrity, protein content, organelles function, and various enzymatic activities. Alternatively, in vivo toxicity assays evaluate organ-level toxicity and toxicokinetics. The selection of cell lines to perform in vitro toxicity and …