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Screening aims to improve health by early detection of disease or risk factors for disease. It may also influence health behaviour, either by intention or as a side effect. The aim of this review was to summarize evidence of the effects of screening, either risk factor screening or screening for early detection of disease, on health behaviour: smoking habits, diet, exercise, alcohol consumption and adherence to guidelines for healthy living.

This review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of screening on health behaviour in a screened group and an unscreened group. Systematic searches of Medline, CCTR and Embase between 1970 and May 2008 were conducted.

Seven trials were included, five on screening for risk factors (four cardiovascular; one ALDH2) and two on screening for early detection of …