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The effect of the transplant dose of each cell subset on engraftment kinetics and transplantation outcomes was evaluated in HLA-identical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Sixty-nine patients were included in this retrospective study. Engraftment kinetics, transplantation outcomes, and immune reconstitution up to 1 year after transplantation were analyzed according to the transplant dose of CD34⁺ and non-CD34⁺ cells, including natural killer (NK) cells and CD8⁺ cytotoxic T (Tc) cells. An accelerated neutrophil engraftment was strongly associated with a higher transplant dose of NK cells (12 versus 16 days, P < .001) and Tc cells (13 versus 16 days, P < .001) but not CD34⁺ cells (P = .442). Survival analyses revealed a favorable prognosis for patients who received a higher dose of non-CD34⁺ cell subsets, rather than CD34⁺ cells, in terms of overall survival (OS; P = .024 for NK cells …