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Among measles unvaccinated infants in Guinea-Bissau, we tested whether case infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI), especially ALRI caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), were more likely to be Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG)-unvaccinated and to have no scar after BCG vaccination than were control infants without symptoms of ALRI. Three hundred and eighty-six case infants with ALRI were identified at a paediatric clinic (N=84), a health centre (N=82), and in a community morbidity surveillance system (N=220). Control infants were matched on sex, age, and district and were also measles unvaccinated. In ALRI case infants, the adjusted OR of being BCG unvaccinated was 2.87 (1.31–6.32), 1.72 (0.48–6.19) in boys and 4.45 (1.48–13.4) in girls. Among BCG vaccinated ALRI case infants, the adjusted OR of having no BCG scar was 1.54 (0.86–2.75), 0.93 (0.45–1.91) in boys and 2.70 (1.21 …