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Community studies with 1-3 years of follow-up have reported four to five times higher mortality in HIV-2-infected than in uninfected adults. In a cohort study of HIV-1, an increasing difference in mortality rates of HIV-1-infected and uninfected individuals is expected over time, because of rising mortality with advancing HIV-1 infection. We therefore investigated long-term survival of HIV-2-infected adults.

Adults enrolled in 1987 in a community study of HIV-2 infection in Guinea-Bissau were followed up with serological surveys in 1989 and 1992. Survival was assessed in 1995, 9 years after enrolment.

The annual incidence of HIV-2 was 0·7% for adults and tended to be higher for older individuals than for participants aged 15-14 years (relative risk 3·21 [95% CI 0·91-11·37]). With control for age, HIV-2-infected adults had twice as high mortality as uninfected individuals (mortality ratio 2·32 [1·18 …