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This review of literature was aimed to assess in vivo experiments which have evaluated the efficacy of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for bone regeneration.

An electronic search of English-language papers was conducted on PubMed database. Studies that assessed the use of DPSCs in bone regeneration in vivo were included and experiments evaluating regeneration of hard tissues other than bone were excluded. The retrieved articles were thoroughly reviewed according to the source of stem cell, cell carrier, the in vivo experimental model, defect type, method of evaluating bone regeneration, and the obtained results. Further assessment of the results was conducted by classifying the studies based on the defect type.

Seventeen papers formed the basis of this systematic review. Sixteen out of 17 experiments were performed on animal models with mouse and rat being the most frequently …