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Background: A sports therapy program in type 2 diabetes helps in glucose control, but little is known how a long-term structured exercise intervention affects the parameters in this disease. Our aim was to measure the impact of a 24-week long sports therapy program in type 2 diabetes on the concentration of glucose in blood, body composition, and physical fitness level.

Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, 208 type II diabetic patient (80 male, 128 female, aged: 61±6, 86 years) were selected and randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group. The intervention group took part in a sports therapy and recreation sports program for 6 months. Taking into account the rules of training theory and physiotherapy, fitness material of exercising (aerobics, resistance training, muscle strengthening, stretching) and outdoor elements were used during the 3-month sports program, after which it became a 3-month recreation exercise program. In the control group, there was no intervention.

Results: The intervention group showed significant decrease in concentration of glucose in blood (Mean Differences (MD):-3.23;[Confidence Interval (CI) lowest:-3.50; CI highest:-2.95]; p< 0.01), weight (MD:-1.68;[-0.82,-0.52] p= 0.01), BMI (MD:-0.37;[-0.82; 0.08]; p= 0.01), body fat percentage (MD:-1.74;[-2.15,-1.34]; p= 0.05) and visceral fat (MD:-0.37;[-0.67,-0.07; p= 0.01); right (MD: 5.33;[4.98, 5.68]; p< 0.01) and left arm curl (MD: 5.23;[4.87, 5.60]; p< 0.01) test, chair stand test (MD: 2.95;[2.65, 3.25]; p= 0.00) and the 6-minute walk test (MD: 111.21;[101.12; 121.31]; p< 0.01) showed significant improvement.

Conclusions: A 24-week long sports therapy program is …