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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of letrozole and melatonin on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat endometriosis model. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled, experimental study. SETTING: Experimental Research Center of Yeditepe University (YUDETAM). ANIMAL(S): Thirty female, nonpregnant, nulligravid Wistar-Hannover albino rats. INTERVENTION(S): Surgical induction of endometriosis, administration of estrogen for 2 weeks, and laparotomy; administration of letrozole or melatonin for 2 weeks after induction of endometriosis, and laparotomy; administration of estrogen for 2 weeks and necropsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The volume and histopathologic scores of endometriotic foci, and levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde in the peritoneal fluid. RESULT(S): The mean volumes of the endometriotic foci were 99.6 ± 18.8 mm³, 21.5 ± 7.4 mm³, and 29.2 ± 17 …