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Background. Our understanding of factors associated with acquisition and clearance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in men has been limited. This study sought to determine factors associated with those aspects of HPV infection in a cohort of US men.

Methods. A total of 285 men aged 18–44 years were monitored every 6 months for ∼18 months. Risk-factor information was obtained at each visit by use of a self-administered questionnaire. A continuous-time 2-state Markov model was applied.

Results. Lifetime number of sex partners reported at enrollment was the most significant risk factor for acquisition of all types of HPV. Men reporting >16 lifetime sex partners were at significantly elevated risk of any HPV infection (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.1–7.1]), oncogenicHPVinfection (AHR, 9.6 [95% CI, 2.4–37.8 …