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Dyslipidemia is a recognized risk factor for coronary arterial disease, but its role as risk factor for stroke has been controversial for a long time. In the last years, much attention has been paid to lipid-lowering therapies as a key preventive measure to reduce stroke risk. We conducted a nonsystematic review of published studies analyzing the association between serum lipids and stroke risk, with special attention to the findings of clinical trials with lipid-modifying therapies (LDL-lowering drugs such as statins, HDL-increasing drugs such as torcetrapib) and to the effect of prior statin therapies on acute stroke severity. Data from large cohort prospective studies, case-control studies and clinical trials confirm the association between serum lipids and stroke risk. In secondary stroke prevention, atorvastatin 80 mg is effective in patients with prior transient ischemic attack and noncardioembolic …