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CeO₂ catalysts modified with earth alkaline metals (M = Mg, Ca, and Sr) were prepared by the citrate method in a M:Ce molar ratio of 1:1. Different analytical techniques including diffuse reflectance Ultraviolet–Visible (DR UV–vis) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed desorption of CO₂ (TPD-CO₂) were used for the characterization of the catalysts. The materials were tested in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). The results of calcined samples revealed that the charge transfer from cerium to oxygen ions is shifted when CeO₂ is doped, indicating defects on the catalyst surface. A linear correlation was found between the amount of surface basic sites and the ratio of the oxygen species O₂^– and O₂^2– to lattice oxygen. This behavior is crucial for the CH₄ conversion and selectivity to …