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Sonodynamic therapy is expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas. The titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticle, a photosensitizer, can be activated by ultrasound. In this study, by using water-dispersed TiO₂ nanoparticles, an in vitro comparison was made between the photodynamic and sonodynamic damages on U251 human glioblastoma cell lines. Water-dispersed TiO₂ nanoparticles were constructed by the adsorption of chemically modified polyethylene glycole (PEG) on the TiO₂ surface (TiO₂/PEG). To evaluate cytotoxicity, U251 monolayer cells were incubated in culture medium including 100μg/ml of TiO₂/PEG for 3h and subsequently irradiated by ultraviolet light (5.0mW/cm²) or 1.0MHz ultrasound (1.0W/cm²). Cell survival was estimated by MTT assay 24h after irradiation. In the presence of TiO₂/PEG, the photodynamic cytotoxic effect was not observed after 20min of an ultraviolet light …