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Mutations in the homeotic gene agamous of the plant Arabidopsis cause the transformation of the floral sex organs. Cloning and sequence analysis of agamous suggest that it encodes a protein with a high degree of sequence similarity to the DNA-binding region of transcription factors from yeast and humans and to the product of a homeotic gene from Antirrhinum. The agamous gene therefore probably encodes a transcription factor that regulates genes determining stamen and carpel development in wild-type flowers.