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In studies of human thermoregulation, ingestible temperature pills are being increasingly used as a convenient alternative to more clinically relevant indices of deep-body (core) temperature (e.g., rectal temperature). It remains unclear whether the time between pill ingestion and the measurement period influences the validity of telemetry pills as a surrogate index of core temperature. We therefore assessed the influence of pill ingestion timing on the agreement between rectal temperature (criterion method) and ingestible pill temperature during exercise-heat stress. To achieve this, nine young men (21–31 years) completed two trials involving 15-min rest, 90-min exercise at an average metabolic heat production of 200 W/m² (~40% peak oxygen consumption), and 45-min recovery. Core temperature was measured throughout using rectal temperature and four telemetric temperature pills (VitalSense®) ingested 12, 6 …