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DESIGN: Thirty-week, cross-over, intervention study. Participants were provided 2113±494 kJ/day (505±118 kcal/day) as peanuts for 8 weeks with no dietary guidance (free feeding—FF), 3 weeks with instructions to add peanuts to their customary diet (addition—ADD) and 8 weeks where peanuts replaced an equal amount of other fats in the diet (substitution—SUB).

SUBJECTS: Fifteen, healthy, normal-weight (BMI of 23.3±1.8) adults, aged 33±9 y.

MEASUREMENTS: Dietary intake, appetitive indices, energy expenditure, body weight and hedonics.

RESULTS: During FF, peanut consumption elicited a strong compensatory dietary response (ie subjects compensated for 66% of the energy provided by the nuts) and body weight gain (1.0 kg) was significantly lower than predicted (3.6 kg; P< 0.01). When customary dietary fat was replaced with the energy from peanuts, energy intake, as well as body weight, were …