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With increasing retirement age, employed persons are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, respiratory diseases, and psychological disorders, at later stage during their working career.

This study investigates the influence of the onset of a disease on the likelihood of exit from paid employment through different pathways (unemployment, disability benefits, economic inactivity, early retirement).

For this longitudinal study with 11 years of follow-up (2009–2019), 4,276,770 persons were selected, who were employed between 2009 and 2010, and used no medication for the selected diseases in 2009. Register data from Statistics Netherlands on medication use, employment status, and socio-demographic factors were used. Exit from paid employment pathways were defined as: unemployment, disability benefits …