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Second, to allow for better comparability with other research, the cycle ergometry test protocol of the Physical Working Capacity 170 (PWC170) which assesses cardiorespiratory fitness was modified to comply with the internationally established test protocol of the World Health Organization (WHO). 5 Furthermore, an intensity scale for physical activity at work was added to the MoMo-PAQ based on the intensity scale used for children and adolescents.

Third, a few changes and additions were made to accommodate new developments on societal and individual levels. For example, a classification scheme was introduced for various school types, thereby allowing for comparisons not only between different types of secondary school (eg ‘Hauptschule’,‘Realschule’,‘Gymnasium’) but also between regular and all-day schools. This is important, as the latter often incorporate additional curricular and noncurricular sports …