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BackgroundIn children with cerebral malaria (CM), serum chemokine levels and associated morbidity and mortality have not been characterized

MethodsSerum levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)–1β, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)–γ, and tumor necrosis factor–α and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)–1α, MIP-1β, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were measured in Ugandan children with CM, in children with uncomplicated malaria (UM), and in healthy children from the community, as control subjects (CCs)

ResultsChildren with CM had lower levels of RANTES and higher levels of all other cytokines and chemokines than CCs (all P<.0001), and they had lower levels of RANTES (P=.004) and higher levels of IL-10 (P=.003), IFN-γ (P=.007), and IL-1β (P=.05) than children with UM. Children with CM who died had lower …