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The toxicity of the explosives 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT); hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (royal demolition explosive [RDX]); and octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (high‐melting explosive [HMX]), was evaluated in spiked sediment with two freshwater invertebrates. The midge Chironomus tentans and the amphipod Hyalella azteca demonstrated significant toxic effects after exposure to TNT and its degradation products, 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene (TNB) and 2,4‐diamino‐6‐nitrotoluene (2,4‐DANT). Significant reductions in survival of C. tentans exposed to TNT, TNB, and 2,4‐DANT were observed at nominal sediment concentrations as low as 200 mg/kg. Hyalella azteca was more sensitive to TNT, TNB, and 2,4‐DANT than the midge, where significant reductions in survival were observed at nominal concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Survival of the midge and the amphipod was …